Data Protection & GDPR

Beta v0.2

UK GDPR · DPA 2018 · PECR · DUAA 2025-aware

Cited answers across UK GDPR (retained EU regulation 2016/679), DPA 2018, PECR 2003, NIS Regs 2018, and the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (which amended substantial portions with effect from 5 February 2026). Every answer surfaces dua_amended and under_revision flags so you know when ICO or EDPB guidance is mid-review.

1,152

Sections Indexed

100%

Embedded

Beta · dev-ready

Status

15 May

Last Pipeline Run

About this specialist

The Data Protection specialist provides cited answers to data protection queries by searching indexed UK legislation and regulatory guidance. It covers the complete UK data protection framework: lawful basis analysis, subject access requests, data breach obligations, international transfers, DPIA requirements, and PECR cookie and direct marketing rules. Designed for DPOs, in-house compliance teams, marketing teams, and IT directors.

Every response includes precise Article or section references with direct links to legislation.gov.uk and ICO guidance. The specialist tracks DUAA 2025 amendments via a 61-entry enumeration table, flagging dua_amended: true on every provision touched by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025. The full primary legislation corpus (UK GDPR 213 sections incl. DUAA-amended Arts 22A-D, DPA 2018 259, PECR 51, NIS Regs 30, DUAA 144), 11 ICO P1 guidance hubs (245 sections), international transfer tools (14 adequacy SIs + IDTA + Addendum + TRA + Data Bridge factsheets, 120 sections), 66 ICO enforcement records, and 24 EDPB Guidelines are now ingested and embedded at 100% on dev. This specialist is dev-ready and pending promotion to the production API. Find Case Law records remain gated on Transactional Licence CAS-331091-J2V2X9 (applied 14 May 2026).

Data Sources

5 primary instruments (697 sections) + 11 ICO P1 hubs (245) + Int'l transfers (120) + 66 enforcement + 24 EDPB · 1,152 total · 100% embedded · Dev-ready

DUAA 2025 commencement in progress

The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 received Royal Assent on 19 June 2025; Commencement No. 6 SI brought the bulk of Part 5 (UK GDPR, DPA 2018, PECR amendments) into force on 5 February 2026. Stage 4 (complaints and governance) is expected mid-2026. The specialist tracks DUAA-touched provisions via a 61-entry enumeration table and flags dua_amended: true on every affected chunk.

Source Status

Primary Legislation (legislation.gov.uk · OGL v3)

Data Protection Act 2018

ukpga/2018/12 · 259 sections

Loaded

UK GDPR (retained EU Reg 2016/679: 99 Articles + 173 Recitals)

DUAA-amended Arts 22A–D, 45A–C, 49A, 84A–D included

Loaded

PECR 2003 (SI 2003/2426)

Cookie consent, email marketing, direct marketing

Loaded

NIS Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/506)

Network and information security obligations

Loaded

Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (ukpga/2025/18)

DUAA amendments in force 5 Feb 2026

Loaded

Age Appropriate Design Code (Children's Code: 15 standards)

ICO statutory code for digital services

Queued

Adequacy SIs under s17A DPA 2018

14 SIs: EEA, Gibraltar, Israel, Jersey, Isle of Man, NZ, Korea, US Data Bridge + others

Loaded

ICO Guidance Library (P1: bi-weekly during DUAA window)

Lawful basis hub (all 6 bases + special category + criminal offence + biometric)

Loaded

Subject Access Requests

Loaded

Personal data breaches (72hr notification)

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International transfers (IDTA, Addendum, TRA, adequacy)

Loaded

DPIA

Loaded

PECR + cookies + direct marketing

Loaded

Direct Marketing Code of Practice

Loaded

DPO

Loaded

Documentation / ROPA

Loaded

AI and data protection

Loaded

Legitimate interests (LIA template)

Loaded

ICO Guidance Library (P2)

Individual rights (all 8 rights)

Queued

Employment

Queued

Special category data

Queued

Children's Code + Children's information

Queued

Anonymisation and pseudonymisation

Queued

Accountability framework

Queued

Exemptions

Queued

Information Commissioner's Opinions

Queued

ICO Enforcement Decisions (worked examples)

Enforcement decisions over 24 months (MPN / reprimand / enforcement notice / undertaking)

Loaded

PSNI £750k (2024)

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Advanced Computer Software Group £3m (2024)

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TikTok £12.7m (2023, UT appeal May 2026)

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Clearview AI £7.55m (FTT 2023, [2025] UKUT 319 AAC remit)

Loaded

Post Office reprimand (Dec 2025)

Loaded

International Transfers (toolkits: ICO OGL)

IDTA v.A.1.0 (mandatory for new contracts from 21 Sep 2022)

Loaded

Addendum to EU SCCs v.B.1.0

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Transfer Risk Assessment (TRA) tool

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ICO Opinion on UK-US Data Bridge (effective 12 Oct 2023) + Data Bridge factsheets

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EU→UK adequacy (renewed 19 Dec 2025, valid to 27 Dec 2031)

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Current UK adequacy regulations (EEA, Gibraltar, Israel, Jersey, Isle of Man Feb 2025, NZ, Korea + others)

Loaded

EDPB Guidelines (persuasive, not binding under UK regime)

WP242 portability, WP243 DPOs, WP248 DPIA, WP251 ADM/profiling (WP29 endorsed 25 May 2018)

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Guidelines 5/2020 consent, 7/2020 controller/processor, 1/2024 legitimate interests, 01/2025 pseudonymisation, 9/2022 breach notification

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Recommendations 01/2020 (supplementary measures), Guidelines 07/2022 (certification)

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Find Case Law: Data Protection (LICENCE GATED)

Lloyd v Google LLC [2021] UKSC 50

Licence pending

Various Claimants v Wm Morrison Supermarkets [2020] UKSC 12

Licence pending

NT1 & NT2 v Google LLC [2018] EWHC 799 (QB)

Licence pending

Bridges v South Wales Police [2020] EWCA Civ 1058

Licence pending

Killock & Veale v ICO [2021] UKUT 299 (AAC)

Licence pending

Experian v ICO [2023] UKFTT 132 (GRC)

Licence pending

Clearview AI v ICO [2025] UKUT 319 (AAC)

Licence pending

Full FTT GRC / UT AAC / EWCA / EWHC / UKSC corpus

Licence pending

5 primary instruments (697 sections) + 11 ICO P1 guidance hubs (245 sections) + 14 adequacy SIs + IDTA/Addendum/TRA + Data Bridge (120 sections) + 66 ICO enforcement records + 24 EDPB Guidelines · 1,152 sections total · 100% embedded · ICO P2 hubs queued · Find Case Law pending Transactional Licence CAS-331091-J2V2X9 (applied 14 May 2026, ETA ~5 weeks) · Last ingest 2026-05-15 · Dev-ready, pending prod promotion

See it in action

Real examples of cited answers from the Data Protection specialist.

We received a Subject Access Request on 10 April 2026. What’s our deadline?

1 month from receipt under Art 12(3) UK GDPR, so by 10 May 2026. However, you can pause the clock while reasonable identity verification is outstanding under the DUAA 2025 amendment to Art 12 (in force 5 Feb 2026, applies to SARs received from 1 Jan 2024 under DUAA transitional provisions). Send the ID request promptly; the pause runs until verification is provided.

UK GDPR Art 12 (DUAA-amended)

Do we still need consent for Google Analytics 4 cookies as of May 2026?

Depends on configuration. DUAA 2025 introduced new low-intrusion exemptions to PECR reg 6 (effective 5 Feb 2026). A theme/preference cookie qualifies: no consent, but clear notice + opt-out required. GA4 qualifies only if first-party, IP-anonymised, no cross-site profiling. Default GA4 with advertising integrations still requires UK-GDPR-standard consent.

Note: ICO cookies guidance still carries an under-revision banner as of May 2026.

PECR reg 6 (DUAA-amended)

What was the outcome in Lloyd v Google LLC?

Case Law from Find Case Law is not yet available for this specialist. Our Transactional Licence application (reference CAS-331091-J2V2X9) was submitted on 14 May 2026 and is awaiting approval (~5 weeks). Once granted, priority data-protection cases, including Lloyd v Google LLC [2021] UKSC 50, will be ingested and citable directly.

For now, refer to the National Archives case law portal.

caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Who uses this specialist

Data Protection Officers

Rapid cited answers on lawful basis, DPIA obligations, breach thresholds, and DUAA 2025 amendments without manual legislation review.

In-house Compliance Teams

DPA 2018 schedule conditions, special category obligations, ROPA requirements, and international transfer tool selection.

Marketing Teams

PECR cookie rules, direct marketing consent requirements, and DUAA 2025 low-intrusion exemptions, before campaigns go live.

IT Directors

72-hour breach notification obligations, NIS Regs security requirements, and DPIA triggers for new systems and processors.

API access & integration

The Data Protection specialist is available as an MCP tool within PrivateNode client workspaces. Queries are routed via the Node+ agent and return JSON responses with citations, amendment flags, and source links. The dua_amended field signals provisions touched by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025; the under_revision flag surfaces ICO guidance pages with an active review banner.

Enterprise clients can access the specialist via REST API for integration into compliance workflows, contract review pipelines, and internal knowledge bases. Contact us to discuss your use case.

GDPR and DPA 2018 research, cited to the Article.

Cited answers across UK GDPR, DPA 2018, PECR, and the DUAA 2025 amendments. Built for DPOs, compliance teams, and in-house legal.

On the team

Data Protection & GDPR powers these experts.

Specialists are the engine room. Clients consult the named expert, who draws on this and other specialists to return one cited answer.